Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels (
November 28, 1820–
August 5, 1895) was a
19th-century German
political philosopher. With his partner, the better known
Karl Marx, Engels developed
communist theory, co-authoring
The Communist Manifesto (1848). Engels also edited several volumes of
Das Kapital after Marx's death.
Biography
Engel's house in Primrose - London
Engels was born in
Barmen-Elberfeld (now Wuppertal), the eldest son of a successful German textile industrialist. As a young man, his father sent him to
England to help manage his cotton factory in
Manchester. Shocked by the widespread
poverty, he began writing an account which was published in 1845 as
Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844.
In the same year, Engels began contributing to a journal called the
Franco-German Annals, which was edited and published by Karl Marx in
Paris. After their first meeting in person, they discovered that they both shared the same views on
capitalism, and decided to work more closely together. After Marx was deported from
France in January 1845, they decided to move to
Belgium, which permitted greater freedom of expression than other countries in
Europe.
In July 1845, Engels took Marx to England. There he met an Irish working-class woman named Mary Burns, with whom he lived until her death; then he lived with her sister, Lizzie. These women may have introduced him to the
Chartist movement, of whose leaders he met several, including George Harney. Engels and Marx returned to
Brussels in January 1846, where they set up the Communist Correspondence Committee. The plan was to unite
socialist leaders living in different parts of Europe. Influenced by Marx's ideas, socialists in England held a conference in London where they formed a new organization called the Communist League. Engels attended as a delegate and had a great impact on the developed strategy of action.
In 1847, Engels and Marx began writing a pamphlet together. It was based on Engels'
The Principles of Communism. The 12,000-word pamphlet was finished in six weeks, written in such a manner as to make communism understandable to a wide audience. It was named
The Communist Manifesto and was published in February 1848. In March, both Engels and Marx were expelled from Belgium. They moved to
Cologne, where they began to publish a radical newspaper, the
New Rhenish Gazette.
Engels was an active participant in the Revolution of 1848, taking part in the uprising at
Elberfeld. Engels fought in the Baden campaign against the
Prussians (June/July 1849) as the
aide-de-camp of
August Willich, who was leader of a Free Corps in the Baden-Palatinate uprising.
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/german-imperial/ch01.htm
By 1849, both Engels and Marx were forced to leave the country and moved to London. The Prussian authorities applied pressure on the British government to expel the two men, but
Prime Minister John Russell held refused. With only the money that Engels could raise, the Marx family lived in extreme poverty.
In order to help supply Marx with an income, Engels returned to work for his father in
Manchester, before moving to
London in 1870. After Marx's
death in 1883, Engels devoted the rest of his life to editing and translating Marx's writings. He died in London in 1895.
Works
See also
External links
Engels, Friedrich
Engels, Friedrich
Engels, Friedrich
Category:German philosophers
Engels, Friedrich
Engels, Friedrich
Engels, Friedrich
Engels, Friedrich
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